Grammar Features

1) tense and verb phrases 

Tenses

past perfect (remote past) -> past -> present /present perfect -> future (usage of modal)

Verb basic form

Write (present) -> wrote (past) -> written (participle)
Verb forms

• He is about to write a letter. (Base)

• She writes a letter now/everyday. (Present. Singular.)

• They write a letter now/everyday. (Present.  Plural.)

• He is writing a letter now/everyday. (Present continuous. Singular.)

• They are writing letters now/everyday. (Present continuous. Plural.)

• She wrote a letter yesterday. (past)

• He was writing a letter yesterday. (past continuous. Singular.)

• They were writing letters yesterday.  (past continuous. Plural.)

• She has just written a letter. (Present perfect. Singular)

• They have just written letters. (Present perfect. Plural)

• He had written a letter before going to sleep an hour ago. (Past perfect)

• The letter is written by her. (Present passive. Singular)

• The letters are written by them. (Present passive. Plural)

• The letter was written by her. (past passive. Singular)

• The letters were written by them. (past passive. Plural)

• They like to write. (Base. Tenseless)

• They express their ideas by writing. (continuous. Tenseless)

• Written by Joe, the story is captivating.  (Participle. Tenseless)

Linking Verbs

is – present tense. singular. 

are  – present tense. plural. 

*singular for some cases of “you are”

am  – present tense. singular.

was  – past tense. singular.

were – past tense. plural.

*singular for some cases of “you are”

*singular for hypothesis case of “if I were”

has – present tense. singular.

have – present tense. plural. 

had – past tense 

2) determiners 
E.g.:

the, a, an, this, there …etc…

3) countability 

– is it countable?

– is it more or less?

4) connectors (refer to notes on connectors)

5) pronouns

E.g.s:

him, his, himself, I, me, my, mine, myself, someone, no one, nobody, something…

6) prepositions

E.g.s:

in, on, under, over, through, among…

7) superlatives

E.g.s:

beautiful -> more beautiful -> most beautiful

pretty -> prettier -> prettiest

8) adjectives / adverbs

9) question tags
positive -> negative

E.g.

he is … , isn’t he?

he did …, didn’t he?
negative -> positive

E.g.

he isn’t … , is he?

he didn’t …, did he?

10) question words as connectors

(refer to notes on connectors)